About "Median, Standard Deviation, Mean Absolute Deviation, Standard Deviation of Standard Scores, Variance, Coefficient of Variation, Q1, Q3, IQR, Skewness, Kurtosis"
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Median
The middle value when data is arranged in ascending order. If the number of data points is odd, it is the central value; if even, it is the average of the two central values. Unlike the mean, it is less affected by outliers.
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Standard Deviation
An indicator that shows the extent of variation in the data. It represents the average deviation from the mean, where a larger value indicates greater dispersion of the data.
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Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
An indicator that represents the magnitude of deviation from the mean. It is calculated by taking the average of the absolute deviations of each data point from the mean. Unlike the standard deviation, it is less affected by outliers.
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Standard Deviation of Standard Scores
An indicator showing the variation in standard scores. Similar to standard deviation, it represents how much deviation exists from the average standard score (50).
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Variance
An indicator that shows the extent of variation in the data. It is calculated by squaring the deviations of each data point from the mean and taking the average. A larger value indicates that the data is more widely distributed.
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Coefficient of Variation (CV)
An indicator that expresses the extent of variation relative to the mean. It is obtained by dividing the standard deviation by the mean and expressed as a percentage. It is useful for comparing datasets with different scales, where a larger value indicates relatively greater variation in the data.
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Q1 (First Quartile)
The value at the 25th percentile when the data is arranged in ascending order. It represents the first division when splitting the data into four equal parts.
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Q3 (Third Quartile)
The value at the 75th percentile when the data is arranged in ascending order. It represents the third division when splitting the data into four equal parts.
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IQR (Interquartile Range)
The difference between Q3 and Q1, representing the range of the central 50% of the data.
It is less affected by outliers and is used to assess the extent of variation in the data.
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Skewness
An indicator that represents the symmetry of the data distribution.
・ Close to 0 → Symmetrical (resembles a normal distribution)
・Positive value → Right-skewed (spread towards higher scores)
・Negative value → Left-skewed (spread towards lower scores)
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Kurtosis
An indicator that represents the sharpness (peakedness) of the data distribution.
・ Close to 0 → Normal distribution (standard shape)
・Positive value → Sharp peak, more outliers
・Negative value → Flatter and more widely spread distribution